20 孔子简介英文？ConfuciusConfucius#28Chinese：孔夫子；pinyin:KǒngFūzǐ；Wade-Giles:K#30"ung-fu-tzu#29，lit.“MasterKung，”
20 孔子简介英文？
Confucius
Confucius#28Chinese：孔kǒng 夫子【拼音：zi】；pinyin:KǒngFūzǐ；Wade-Giles:K#30"ung-fu-tzu#29，lit.“MasterKung，”September28，551BC-479BC#29wasaChinesethinkerandsocialphilosopher，whoseteachingsandphilosophyhavedeeplyinfluencedChinese，Korean，Japanese，andVietnamesethoughtandlife.
Hisphilosophyemphasizedpersonalandgovernmentalmorality，correctnessofsocialrelationships，justiceandsincerity.ThesevaluesgainedprominenceinChinaoverotherdoctrines，suchasLegalism#28法【拼音：fǎ】家（繁：傢）#29orTaoism#28道家#29duringtheHanDynasty#28206BC–220AD#29.Confucius#30"thoughtshavebeendevelopedintoasystemofphilosophyknownasConfucianism#28儒家#29.ItwasintroducedtoEuropebytheJesuitMatteoRicci，whowasthefirsttoLatinisethenameas“Confucius.”
HisteachingsmaybefoundintheAnalectsofConfucius#28论语#29，acollectionof“briefaphoristicfragments”，whichwascompiledmanyyearsafterhisdeath.ModernhistoriansdonotbelievethatanyspecificdocumentscanbesaidtohavebeenwrittenbyConfucius，butfornearly2，000yearshewasthoughttobetheeditororauthorofalltheFiveClassicssuchastheClassicofRites#28editor#29，andtheSpringandAutumnAnnals#28春【练：chūn】秋（繁：鞦）#29#28author#29.
T澳门金沙heAnalectsofConfucius论语
Intimesofdivision，chaos，andendlesswarsbetweenfeudalstates，hewantedtorestoretheMandateofHeaven“天【拼音：tiān】命”thatcouldunifythe“world”#28i.e.China#29andbestowpeaceandprosperityonthepeople.Becausehisvisionofpersonalandsocialperfectionswasframedasarevivaloftheorderedsocietyofearliertimes。Confuciusisoftenconsideredagreatproponentofconservatism。butacloserlookatwhatheproposesoftenshowsthatheused#28andperhapstwisted#29pastinstitutionsandritestopushanewpoliticalagendaofhisown:arevivalofaunifiedroyalstate，whoserulerswouldsucceedtopoweronthebasisoftheirmoralmerit，nottheirparentage；thesewouldberulersdevotedtotheirpeople，reachingforpersonalandsocialperfection.Sucharulerwouldspreadhisownvirtuestothepeopleinsteadofimposingproperbehaviorwithlawsandrules.
OneofthedeepestteachingsofConfuciusmayhavebeenthesuperiorityofpersonalexemplificationoverexplicitrulesofbehavior.Becausehismoralteachingsemphasiseself-cultivation，emulationofmoralexemplars，andtheattainmentofskilledjudgmentratherthanknowledgeofrules，Confucius#30"sethicsmaybeconsideredatypeofvirtueethics.Histeachingsrarelyrelyonreasonedargument，andethicalidealsandmethodsareconveyedmoreindirectly，throughallusions，innuendo，andeventautology.Thisiswhyhisteachingsneedtobeexaminedandputintopropercontextinordertobeunderstood.Agoodexampleisfoundinthisfamousanecdote:
厩焚。子退朝，曰：“伤（读：shāng）人乎？”不问马。
Whenthestableswereburntdown，onreturningfromcourt，Confuciussaid，“Wasanyonehurt?”Hedidnotaskaboutthehorses.
AnalectsX.11，tr.A.Waley
PerhapshismostfamousteachingwastheGoldenRulestatedinthenegativeform，oftencalledthesilverrule:
子贡问曰、有一言、而可[读：kě]以终身行之者乎。子曰、其【pinyin：qí】恕乎、己所不欲、勿施於人。
AdeptKungasked:“Isthereanyonewordthatcouldguideapersonthroughoutlife？”
TheMasterreplied:“Howabout#30"shu#30":neverimposeonotherswhatyouwouldnotchooseforyourself？”
以上，希望对你有所帮{pinyin：bāng}助。
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